Introduction

 

Structure:

I. General Overview

II. In the Beginning

A Note on the Second Edition (revised), October 2006

 

 

I. General Overview--by Wayne K. Chapman

 

An Annotated Guide to the Writings and Papers of Leonard Woolf was designed especially for the Clemson University Digital Press's online publishing platform. In 2001, the South Carolina Review On-Line Library (or SCROLL) came into being with "Virginia Woolf International," based on "Themed" issue SCR 29.1 (fall 1996), becoming an archive of articles and monographs in that library. Thus the Annotated Guide joins a number of e-books and hypermedia anthologies that have been published on the CUDP website in the past several years, including Literature and Digital Technologies: W. B. Yeats, Virginia Woolf, Mary Shelley, and William Gass (ed. Karen Schiff, 2003), the late Douglass W. Orr's Virginia Woolf's Illnesses and Psychoanalysis and the Bloomsbury Group (both edited by Wayne Chapman and published in 2004), and an emergent series of Selected Papers from the annual International Virginia Woolf conferences.

 

The Annotated Guide is an on-going project at the digital press, with plans to publish notes on relevant archives in Sussex, Cambridge, and elsewhere. Its mission, overall, is to share with a global audience vital information about the location, nature, and extent of primary materials widely distributed in their physical state. Initially, the emphasis is on Leonard Woolf's signed and unsigned journalism as literary editor at The Nation and Athenaeum newspaper (London), based on extant files at City University, London, and selected titles of political works by other authors in his library. For context, brief accounts of these materials are reproduced from the appendices of Women in the Milieu of Leonard and Virginia Woolf (edited by Chapman and Manson), from Virginia Woolf and Her Influences: The Selected Papers from the Seventh Annual Virginia Woolf Conference (edited by Laura Davis-Clapper and Jeanette McVicker), and from The South Carolina Review 31.1--all in 1998 and reproduced by courtesy of Pace University Press and Clemson University Digital Press. Also recommended is Chapman's article on the Rowntree political monthlies located elsewhere on the SCROLL website. Links to related websites and online publications are also provided on subjects related to the Woolfs and their circle.

 

In a way, we aim to provide on Leonard Woolf the kind of bibliographic information sometimes found in the pages of Woolf Studies Annual on Virginia Woolf. When complete, not only will the Annotated Guide include a finding aid to collections of Leonard Woolf's papers, but it will also augment and improve several such tools presently available, such as WSU's unindexed Short Title Catalog and the slightly indexed but incomplete account of Leonard Woolf's journalism, compiled by Leila Luedeking and Michael Edmonds in the "C" section of Leonard Woolf: A Bibliography.

 

As one can see, the scroll-bar at the top of the window allows one to move back and forth at will from one section to another. After reading the "Introduction," one might select "Context" when using the Guide for the first time. "Context" links you to PDF facsimiles of three articles and a review cited in the cover note. Also, one finds the listing that Pace University Press has made for the Chapman/Manson book and its contents, should one wish to order a copy. You'll find that links to two of the said facsimiles are also embedded in Part One. And we are grateful to Stuart Clarke for being the first scholar, so far as we know, to take up the challenge Wayne Chapman set down in 1998 that one should delve into the missing volumes of the Nation and Athenaeum for additional unsigned reviews and paragraphs by Virginia Woolf between April 1923 and February 1930. (See Chapman, "Virginia Woolf's Contributions....") In the May 2005 issue of the Virginia Woolf Bulletin, Clarke established her authority for a 1927 "Books in Brief" review of The Life of Jenny Lind and reprinted the review. Possibly, the time has come for others to read up on these bibliographic issues and to join in the hunt for "unidentified contributions" to the Nation and Athenaeum by both Woolfs.

 

Part Two of the Guide is directed at the unsigned writings of Leonard Woolf during his term as literary editor. We recommend that you click on the link "About the Athenaeum" to obtain a picture of a column written before the Nation and the Athenaeum merged. The author's name is inscribed at the end of the piece, and the record was of value to management because it related to payment rendered per the column inch and to the person who earned his or her shillings paid out by the accountants. Naturally, editors drew a lot of minor donkey work and were thus frequently recorded for their contributions of the sort, unsigned and soon forgotten but the stuff on which most papers were made and still are made today. Hundreds of these short writings of a paragraph or more were penned by Leonard Woolf and are now identified (sometimes equivocally) in a six-volume partial set at City University, the rest, presumably, destroyed or lost in the war during the London blitz.

 

Before joining the faculty at Clemson University, Chapman provided a preliminary list to WSU librarian Leila Luedeking in 1990; he made copies of all signed and unsigned journalism by Leonard in WSU open stacks, and he began corresponding with Brownlee Kirkpatrick, who was then working on the finishing touches, with Stuart Clarke, to the fourth edition of A Bibliography of Virginia Woolf, published in 1997 after she reprinted 45 unrecorded Times and TLS reviews by Virginia Woolf in a delayed special issue of Modern Fiction Studies (38.1 [Spring 1992]; pub. January 1993). Naturally, Brownlee was more than merely interested in our findings and the mystery of the missing volumes. Moreover, she is almost certainly the person most responsible for starting negotiations with management at the New Statesman and Society offices to save rather than pulp its older archives. Today, as you will find in one of our "Relevant Links," that the New Statesman archive has moved to the University of Sussex Libraries. In a year's time, Brownlee had examined the Nation and Athenaeum marked files and helped to judge authority in equivocal cases, and she had filled in the blanks for us on over fifty partial citations, both of signed and unsigned writings, which we had obtained during our Fulbright year at the University of London. Sadly, the Luedeking/Edmonds bibliography appeared while all of this cross-checking was going on. Up on ladders, down on knees chasing so-called "official" and unofficial marked copies in the basement of the New Statesman and Society offices at Great Turnstile, Brownlee was inspiring, and her professionalism continues to inspire. Therefore, we hope to have created something both useful and accessible to Bloomsbury scholars of various disciplines. Freely given, it does depend on the Internet and browsers such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Firefox for navigating word searches.

 

In Part Three of the Annotated Guide, we have tried to do something new by building on an old friend, the archival annotated copy of WSU's Catalogue of Books from the Library of Leonard and Virginia Woolf (Holleyman and Treacher Ltd., 1975), though at a cross-section. As Stuart Clarke and William Baker have said in their reviews of the printed edition of The Library of Leonard and Virginia Woolf: A Short-Title Catalog, respectively in Woolf Studies Annual and the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, nothing serves so well as a good index and, in this particular case, the clumsy but still useful Holleyman and Treacher inventory of books sold to WSU Libraries after the death of Leonard Woolf, with the exception of books sold by Sotheby's to the University of Texas, as noted by Elizabeth Steele, and other minor exceptions. Given our long-range plan for an interdisciplinary study of Leonard Woolf's ideas on international issues, we have drawn our notes together on a selection of political books identified by Holleyman and Treacher as derived from either the Monks House (Sussex) or Victoria Square (London) locations and associated with Leonard Woolf rather than with Virginia or her father, Sir Leslie Stephen. The Short-Title Catalog is not indexed, nor organized by association. However, its online edition is linked to Part Three of the Manson/Chapman Annotated Guide to supplement our notes with full citations. Since presenting the Annotated Guide at the fifteenth Virginia Woolf Conference in Portland, Oregon, we added, from additional research at Pullman, nearly 300 titles to the 467 that were in our first posting. We also created an author-subject-title index for Part Three as keyed to the Monks House and Victoria Square designations that were assigned in the original Holleyman and Treacher inventory. The rest of Leonard's share of the library may be build into the system eventually. At present, our selection on politics would not even constitute half of the books that are associated with Leonard Woolf in the library as a whole, as 1,755 items (or titles) for 2,163 volumes are thus associated, by far most of the books in the Leonard and Virginia Woolf Library at Washington State. This first step of ours, of course, most serves an ulterior motive, which is a book to be called Leonard Woolf, Bloomsbury Ethics, and the Proscription of War. The relevant sections of Holleyman and Treacher are as follows:

 

Monks House (MH), III -- Items belonging to or presented to Leonard Woolf

Monks House (MH), IV -- Items belonging to or presented to Virginia and Leonard Woolf

Monks House (MH), V -- Miscellaneous, some with slight association

Monks House (MH), VI -- Books with notes and references to text and on end papers in the hand of Leonard Woolf

Victoria Square (VS), III -- Items belonging to or presented to Leonard Woolf

Victoria Square (VS), V -- Miscellaneous, some with slight association with Leonard Woolf

Victoria Square (VS), VI -- Books with notes and references to text and on end papers in the hand of Leonard Woolf

 

Finally, a number of "Relevant Links" have been arranged for your convenience. Washington State University Libraries's online catalog is there, as well as the Short-Title Catalog by Julia King and Laila Miletic-Vejzovic and guides to collections in Sussex, New York, London, and elsewhere, including the International Virginia Woolf Society, Pace University Press, and the Center for Virginia Woolf Studies in Bakersfield, California. We welcome suggestions as this is but the first iteration of the Annotated Guide with the second coming this fall. Write to Wayne Chapman (cwayne@clemson.edu), Director of the Center for Electronic and Digital Publishing.

 

 

II. In the Beginning--by Janet M. Manson

 

Many of us are aware that Leonard Woolf was a prolific writer and that he championed liberal causes in many of his published and unpublished pieces. But we still have much to learn about him as a writer. Therefore, I began work on the Annotated Guide to the Writings and Papers of Leonard Woolf by compiling entries of Woolf's signed and unsigned pieces that were published in The Nation, The Athenaeum, The Nation and The Athenaeum, The Nation and Athenaeum, The New Statesman, and The New Statesman and Nation. The Annotated Guide will expand the work started by Leila Luedeking and Michael Edmonds in Leonard Woolf: A Bibliography in that the Annotated Guide provides information not included in the Luedeking-Edmonds volume, most especially fuller descriptions for all entries. The online publication of our new research tool will make Leonard Woolf's work more accessible to scholars and globally to members of the general public, thereby creating the opportunity for these individuals to build on our knowledge of Woolf and his work.

 

The Annotated Guide is a product of the research on Leonard Woolf that I began with Professor Wayne K. Chapman in the late 1980s. Thus, we are creating the Annotated Guide from materials that we have gathered at many archives and libraries, including the Leonard Woolf Papers, the University of Sussex; the Library of Leonard and Virginia Woolf, Washington State University; the British Library; Senate House, the University of London; and City University, London. We have also been working in consultation with a number of scholars and experts on Leonard Woolf, including Diane F. Gillespie, Leila Luedeking, B. J. (Brownlee) Kirkpatrick, Cecil Woolf, Jean Moorcroft Wilson, S. P. Rosenbaum, Elizabeth Inglis, and others.

 

There is, of course, more information out there on Leonard's signed pieces. But even with the resources of the Library of Leonard and Virginia Woolf, Washington State University, there is much detective work to be done tracking down the articles themselves. Indeed, detective work becomes all the more important in tracking down the unsigned pieces--a task Leila Luedeking urged us to take on in the late 1980s--as we finished up our dissertation projects on other subjects.

 

As luck would have it, the subject came up in 1990 over wine and snacks in a London pub in the excellent company of seasoned academic sleuths Professor Warwick Gould and his partner in life, Yeats Annual Research Associate Deirdre Toomey, University of London. Warwick turned to me at one point in the conversation and said, "Marilyn, you must ask Deirdre to tell you about the marked files of The Nation and Athenaeum at City University." This was one of many wonderful detective stories that they shared with us that afternoon. Deirdre then described the marked files as tightly bound volumes of the journal that the editors used for book-keeping purposes to keep track of the authors of unsigned columns. The editors, including John Maynard Keynes and Leonard Woolf, used the files to keep track of authors such as Leonard and Virginia Woolf, who were paid for their writing by The Nation and Athenaeum, the marked files being the only record of authorship for the most common and ephemeral writing that they did for the newspaper.

 

Deirdre advised me to call Pamela Lighthill to make an appointment to work in City University Special Collections. Warwick interrupted her description of the collection to ask: "Deirdre, you did see articles that were written by Leonard and Virginia?" Deirdre nodded as she raised her glass and said that she had seen a lot of articles that the editors of The Nation and Athenaeum had identified as being written by them. She was researching another author, W. B. Yeats in the time of H. Massingham's editorship of The Athenaeum, and so she hadn't made notes on the Woolfs.

 

A partial set of The Nation and Athenaeum marked files (Vol. 35, 5 April-27 September 1924; Vol. 37, 4 April-26 September 1925; Vol. 38, 3 October 1925-27 March 1926; Vol. 43, 7 April-29 September 1928; Vol. 45, 6 April-28 September 1929; and Vol. 47, 5 April-27 September 1930) were temporarily moved to City University when The New Statesman offices no longer had space for them. Subsequently, the marked files have apparently found a permanent home there, in as much as they are now listed on the City University web site under the Athenaeum Collection (http://www.city.ac.uk/library/sites/nsq/athenaeum.html).

 

My journey to City University was just as Deirdre had described it: a short tube ride from King's Cross station on the Northern Line to Angel station and then a nice walk by small shops and restaurants down St. John Street to City University on Northampton Square. Special Collections was located in a small room on one of the lower floors of the library. A library staff person was there to greet me as I entered and then to escort me to the locked, glassed-in, bookcases where the marked files were kept. I immediately began looking for the file cabinets that Deirdre had said were located across from the bookcases. I asked whether the short, cream-colored, file cabinets on the other side of the long library table contained The New Statesman correspondence files. The staff person looked puzzled and said that she would have to consult a colleague about that. A short time later, she came back with the colleague who discussed the files with me. Few people knew that Special Collections had them; no one used them; and staff members wanted to move them out to make room for other materials--news that no dedicated researcher wants to hear. I encouraged the archivists to find a new home for the files. I believe I suggested that they contact the University of Sussex to see what might be worked out.

 

After working with the correspondence files, I turned to the marked files, which thankfully took up much less space--a factor, undoubtedly, in City University's decision to retain them. Like so many older, tightly-bound volumes, they are too fragile to be photocopied. So researchers such as Deirdre and myself (and, later, Brownlee Kirkpatrick) must spent hours and hours going through them carefully and making notes.

 

After John Maynard Keynes and others gained a controlling interest in The Nation and merged it with The Athenaeum in March 1923, Keynes asked Leonard to become the paper's literary editor. As many of you know, Leonard had done quite a bit of reviewing for both journals, and he had filled in as the political editor for The Nation in 1920 and then took over that post in 1922.

 

He began to do even more reviewing for The Nation and Athenaeum after he became the literary editor. For example, Woolf wrote signed pieces for "The World of Books" column, starting on 5 May 1923; and most of the unsigned pieces identified by entries from the marked files are review columns. (His last "World of Books" column appeared on 15 February 1930.) Unsigned columns included "Books in Brief," "From Alpha to Omega," and "Things to see or hear in the coming week," "On the Editor's Table," "New Gramophone Records," and short items in the "Reviews" section of the journal.

 

In short, Woolf reviewed a wide-range of books, plays, concerts, performances, and events, and records. In his unsigned pieces, we see instances in which he reviewed books or discussed topics that were close to his heart. For example, he reviewed his sister Bella Sidney Woolf's book From Groves of Palm on 30 January 1926. He also plugged Sigmund Freud's The Future of Illusion (Hogarth Press) in the "On the Editor's Table" column of 21 July 1928. And Woolf critiqued a performance of George Bernard Shaw's play Caesar and Cleopatra in the ubiquitous column "From Alpha to Omega" on 2 May 1925. Moreover, he took special interest in political subjects such as the Native Reserves in Kenya. See "Naboth's Vinyard" (9 June 1928), "The Word of Elijah" (5 July 1930), and "Sir Edward Grigg" [colonial governor of Kenya] (23 August 1930). Although it seems more Bloomsbury writers and their works are treated in Woolf's signed pieces, his unsigned writings are also indicative of this rich intellectual habitat. To re-affirm one of the conclusions of Women in the Milieu of Leonard and Virginia Woolf, The Nation and Athenaeum very much bore the Bloomsbury stamp during the years of Leonard Woolf's literary editorship. And so it was an influential organ in the dissemination of both his ideas and those of like-minded intellectuals and creative people in London between 1923 and 1930.

 

 

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A Note on the Second Edition (revised), October 2006

 

Citations for Leonard Woolf's books and monographs have now been added to Part 1: Signed Works, as well as annotated entries for all of his signed pieces in The Political Quarterly. To Part 2: Unsigned Articles, we have incorporated his unacknowledged editorial contributions to The Political Quarterly, as well. Internal links have been added to both Parts 1 and 2 for greater ease in navigating these long, roughly chronological lists. We have also made provision in the organization for "Other Periodicals," bibliographic work for the Third Edition, which will also include notes on the chapters and contributors to books listed in Part 1. Finally, in the Relevant Links section of this revised edition we now refer the reader to the following useful websites: to that of King's College, Cambridge (Modern Archives); to the John Maynard Keynes Papers, King's College, Cambridge; to the Virginia Woolf and Lytton Strachey collections at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas Libraries; to the Archives of the Hogarth Press (1917-1955), University of Reading; and to the Location Register of 20th-century English literary manuscripts and letters, University of Reading Libraries. Thus, our 11 original links have increased to 17, with more expected.