The Camellia

What started the South Carolina Botanical Garden?
... the camellia

The South Carolina Botanical Garden began when a camellia collection on the Clemson University campus was moved to make way for constuction of the new football stadium. Originally located between Memorial Stadium and Cemetary Hill, the camellias were relocated to this site in 1958. Since that time, many more have been added and the collection now contains over 300 cultivars, or cultivated varieties.

The two main species grown in the southeast are the Japanese camellia, Camellia japonica., and the sasanqua camellia, C. sasanqua. Sasanqua camellia cultivars bloom during the fall and early winter, and many have fragrant flowers. The Japanese varieties bloom from late fall through early spring.Breeders have concentrated more on Japanese camellias, so the number of cultivars is extensive.

Flowers of many camellia varieties are double or semi-double, and they come in white, pink, and many shade of red. Distinct flower forms, such as "rose" or "peony" have also been developed.

At least two cultivars growing here were developed by the late Dr. Luther W. Baxter, professor of Plant Pathology. The variety 'Beulah Brown Baxter' was named for Dr. Baxter's wife and 'Ruth Lennon' was named for the wife of former Clemson University President Dr. A. Max Lennon.

Growing Camellias

Southerners are among the lucky gardeners who are within the limited growing range of camellias. They survive winters only from USDA zones 7 through 9 and don't fare well in arid areas unless irrigated. The whole state of South Carolina is included in this range, as is much of the Southeast.

A moist, yet well drained soil with ample organic matter is required for camellias to be at their best. Apply organic mulch to conserve soil moisture and increase the organic content of the soil.

Partial shade is the best light exposure for camellias, especially the Japanese varieties. This area, under the tall pine trees, is an ideal location. The filtered light allows for good flower production and the poine foliage overhead protects the camellias from strong sunlight, which can discolor their foliage, even in winter. The tree canopy may also prevent light frosts from damaging the flowers.

Dr. Jim Fanning has documented the camellia collection with photographs available to see at the Fran Hanson Discovery Center.