1. Sampling Locations

Map out the area where the plants are to be grown or are presently growing. This will help in record keeping and ensure that the soil is taken from throughout the entire area. Divide the area such that each soil sample represents one plant type or condition. An area that has been divided according to obvious differences in plant types, plant performance, soil types, and drainage is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Area divided according to vegetation and soil characteristics. Yellow dots indicate sampling points.

• Use a zigzag approach when taking samples. Collect 8-10 soil samples from each location (zone) as shown in Fig. 1.
• For trees and shrubs, take soil samples from six to eight spots around the dripline of the plants.

2. Sampling Depth

The depth of sampling depends on the type of plants being grown.

• For lawns, sample to a depth of 4 inches.
• For gardens, ornamentals, mixed fruit trees, and wildlife plots, collect sample to a depth of 6 inches.

3. Sampling Time

Soil sampling should be done well in advance of planting or spring green-up. This allows adequate time for sample analysis, data interpretation, and fertilizer and lime application.

4. Sampling Tools

Use clean sampling tools and containers to avoid contaminating the soil sample. Never use tools or containers that have been used for fertilizer or lime. Tools like trowels, shovels, spades, hand probes or hand augers may be used to collect samples.

5. Sampling Procedures

Clear the ground surface of grass thatch or mulch (Figure 2). Using a trowel, push the tool to the desired depth into the soil.

Figure 2. Remove grass thatch or mulch before sampling.

 Push the handle forward, with the spade still in the soil to make a wide opening. Then, as shown in Figure 3, cut a thin slice from the side of the opening that is of uniform thickness, approximately ¼ inch thick and two inches in width, extending from the top of the ground to the depth of the cut. Collect from several locations. Combine and mix them in a plastic bucket to avoid metal contamination. Take about a pint of the mixed soil and place it the soil sample bag. Be sure to identify the sample clearly on the bag and the submission form before mailing.

Figure 3. Soil sampling with a trowel.

Sample Handling

Samples should be air dried overnight. Dry samples on a flat surface lined with clean white paper. Take care to avoid contamination. After drying, transfer the sample to the soil sample bag and bring it to your local extension office or the lab.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: When and how often should soils be tested?

A: Soils can be tested any time during the year. However, allow enough time for the analysis and for fertilizer and lime application. Lime reacts slowly and, if possible, it should be mixed with the soil two to three months before planting. Generally, fall is the most desirable time to sample because landscapes and gardens are usually dry and easily accessible.

Once medium or high fertility levels are established, lawn and ornamental areas need to be sampled every two to three years.

Vegetable gardens should be sampled every 1 to 2 years.

Q: How soon will I get my results back (turn-around-time)?

A: The analysis takes two to three working days from the time the lab receives the samples. In general, it takes 7 to 10 days from the time we receive the samples to the time you get your test reports back.

Q: Who do I contact regarding my soil test results and recommendations if I don’t understand the numbers?

A: The Soil Test Report provides an interpretation of all soil tests done by the Soil Testing Lab and is accompanied by appropriate nutrient and lime recommendations. If you need further information about your test results, contact the Home and Garden Information Center at 1-888-656-9988.

This information was modified and adapted in part from the materials prepared by Dr. Owen Plank titled “Soil Testing for Home Lawns and Gardens.”

Prepared by Leticia S. Sonon and David E. Kissel, UGA
Adapted by Clemson University