Potential Effects of FQPA on Vegetable Growers in South Carolina
Summaries on Vegetable Crops
Impact with Respect to Insect Pests > >
Impact of FQPA on South Carolina Vegetable Crops with Respect to Plant Diseases
Anthony Keinath, Extension Plant Pathologist
October 1998
General Comments
1) Quality is an essential component of marketable yield for all vegetable crops. If quality is reduced, yield is automatically reduced.
2) Several new fungicides (azoxystrobin and myclobutanil) that could replace many uses of carbamates and B1/B2 carcinogens are close to registration. They very likely could be used under Sec. 18 requests or state crisis exemptions in 1999.
Comments on Individual Crops
Crop: Watermelon (10,000-11,000 acres)
Maximum fungicide use is on this crop.
Alternatives: Azoxystrobin (registration anticipated) alternated with copper (my data on efficacy).
Yield: No change.
Crop: Cantaloupe
Alternatives: Azoxystrobin (registration anticipated)
alternated with copper; myclobutanil (registration anticipated);
mefenoxam/copper or ALIETTTE (costly material).
Yield: No change or -5%.
Crop: Cucumber
Alternatives: same as cantaloupe
Yield: Spring crop: no change. Fall crop (20% of spring
cucumber crop acreage): -40% loss (North Carolina data) due to target
spot if azoxystrobin is not an effective replacement for carbamates (no
data on efficacy against this disease).
Crop: Summer squash
Alternatives: same as cantaloupe
Yield: No change.
Crop: Tomato
Alternatives: Azoxystrobin already registered. No
alternative to B1/B2 EBDC fungicides used to enhance effectiveness of
coppers, although the benefits of mixing are debated. Fall crop is ~5%
of summer crop.
Yield: -10% in fall crop; 5% loss due to bacterial spot in main-season crop.
Crop: Snap bean
Alternatives: sulfur, DCNA and PCNB for one carbamate use.
Yield: -5 to 10% due to gray mold, alternatives to carbamates not effective against this disease.
Crop: Lima bean (~2,000 acres)
Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.
Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.
Crop: Collard
Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.
Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.
Crop: Turnip
Alternatives: sulfur/copper.
Yield: -38% (roots), -32% (tops) (Tennessee data) without carbamate fungicide; no B1/B2 registered.
Crop: Mustard greens
Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.
Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.
Crop: Kale
Alternatives: sulfur/copper.
Yield: -10% for loss of B1/B2 fungicide; (carbamates not currently registered).
Crop: Sweet corn
Alternatives: Propiconazole
Yield: no change; (carbamates not currently registered).
Crop: Onion, dry bulb and green.
Alternatives: possibly azoxystrobin, dry bulb-mefenoxam/copper, or Aliette (costly)
Yield: -10 to 20% (rough estimate). Green onions 30-50% to downy mildew, other diseases.
Comments on Question 3:
No increase in mycotoxins in vegetables (none now).
Comments on a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide on South Carolina Vegetables and Selected Field Crops
R.P. Griffin and P. Smith, Dept. of Entomology
October 1998
These vegetables/pests will have no alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided where available.
| Vegetable | Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available |
| Sweet corn: | rootworms, wireworms, billbugs, seedcorn maggot. 20% yield loss in coastal plain (coastal plain is half of total acreage) |
| Irish potatoes: | wireworms 30% yield loss on approximately 700 coastal plain acres |
| Sweetpotatoes: | wireworms, fleabeetle larvae, flea beetles |
| Beans: | bean leaf beetle, lima bean pod borer, bean leafroller, leafminer, thrips, loopers, plant bugs, wireworms |
| Broccoli: | root maggots, mole crickets |
| Cabbage: | root maggots, mole crickets |
| Cantaloupe: | beet armyworms, thrips |
| Collards: | flea beetle, root maggots |
| Cucumbers: | thrips, beet armyworm |
| Greens: | root maggots |
| Okra: | aphids, Japanese beetles, corn earworm |
| Onions: | onion maggot |
| Southern pea: | loopers, thrips, cutworms |
| Peppers: | cutworms |
| Pumpkin: | flea beetles |
These field crops/pests will have no alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are
provided.
| Field Crop | Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available |
| Pasture grass: | fall armyworm, true armyworm, grasshoppers 20 % yield loss |
| Alfalfa: | alfalfa webworm, tree-corned alfalfa hopper, blister beetle |
| Sorghum: | aphids |
These vegetables/pests will have one alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided.
| Vegetable | Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available |
| Asparagus: | asparagus beetle - permethrin |
| Beans: | corn earworm, cutworm, pea aphids - esfenvalerate |
| Cantaloupe: | aphids - endosulfan |
| Collards: | aphids - imidacloprid harequin bug - endosulfan |
| Eggplant: | corn earworm - esfenvalerate |
| Greens: | aphids - imidacloprid
flea beetles, harlequin bug - endosulfan |
| Southern pea: | aphids, cowpea curculio, hornworms - endosulfan |
| Peppers: | hornworms, pepper maggot - endosulfan |
| Spinach: | aphids - endosulfan cutworm - permethrin |
| Squash: | aphids - endosulfan |
| Tomato: | blister beetle - endosulfan |
| Watermelon: | aphids - endosulfan |
These field crops/pests will have one alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided.
| Field Crop | Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available |
| Alfalfa: | alfalfa weevil, pea aphid, fall armyworm, potato leafhopper - permethrin |
| Sorghum: | corn earworm, fall armyworm, sorghum webworm, sorghum midge, lesser cornstalk borer, chinch bug - cyhalothrin |