Red-Headed Azalea Caterpillar

These caterpillars are the larvae of a moth. Eggs are laid in clusters (about 80 to 100) in late spring on the undersides of azalea leaves. The larvae hatch and begin feeding, devouring entire leaves and completely defoliating limbs. You can identify this caterpillar by its red head and yellow stripes. When disturbed, it curls backward in a defensive posture.

Control: Caterpillars can be handpicked and discarded in a jar of soapy water. Bacillus thuringiensis (B. t.) is a biological material that will control younger caterpillars. Other insecticides are available and applied when the caterpillars are first noticed.