Home Field Advantage
Across South Carolina, vegetable growers contend with intense heat, heavy humidity, insect pressure and persistent disease. Those challenges are constant, but so is Clemson University’s commitment to helping farmers meet them. Through a coordinated effort that links plant breeders, Extension agents and industry partners, Clemson’s vegetable program is developing crops specifically suited to the state’s climate and soils — creating a true home-field advantage for South Carolina agriculture. At the center of this work are Clemson’s Research and Education Centers, where scientists test vegetables under the same real-world conditions growers face every season. Sandra Branham, assistant professor of vegetable breeding and genetics at the Coastal Research and Education Center, focuses on leafy greens such as collards and turnips. By screening heirloom and commercial lines, she identifies natural resistance to diseases like bacterial leaf blight and black rot, then combines those traits with qualities growers and consumers value — large leaves, strong yields and consistent flavor. At the Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Jenna Hershberger leads breeding efforts in crops such as butter beans and green beans. Drawing from national germplasm collections, she evaluates hundreds of varieties for heat tolerance, disease resistance and production performance under South Carolina conditions. The process takes years of careful selection and field trials, but the goal is clear: deliver cultivars that thrive where they are grown. Clemson Cooperative Extension plays a vital role in ensuring this research remains grounded in the needs of producers. Agents such as Zack Snipes serve as trusted advisors in farming communities, identifying emerging issues and connecting growers with university expertise. Many farmers collaborate directly in on-farm trials, providing feedback that shapes future breeding decisions. Industry partners also guide priorities through Clemson’s vegetable research advisory board. Companies such as McCall Farms and WP Rawl, along with growers of all sizes, share insight into production, processing and market demands. Their collaboration — including significant private investment in vegetable breeding — strengthens research capacity and ensures solutions benefit the entire supply chain. South Carolina consistently ranks among the nation’s leaders in crops such as collard greens, turnip greens and Southern peas. That success is no accident. It reflects decades of partnership, local knowledge and science rooted in place. By developing crops designed for South Carolina’s unique environment, Clemson is helping farmers remain competitive, resilient and prepared for the seasons ahead.
Tools Growers Can Trust
South Carolina farmers can use a free mobile app to identify and manage pests and diseases in major row crops. MyIPM for Row Crops, developed through Clemson Extension, supports science-based pest management decisions in the field. The app includes photos and descriptions of pests and diseases affecting corn, cotton, peanuts, sorghum, soybeans and wheat, along with integrated pest management strategies and registered pesticide options. Francis Reay-Jones, Clemson Extension integrated pest management coordinator at the Pee Dee Research and Education Center, said the app builds on existing Extension production guides by delivering practical information directly to growers. Because the content is stored on the device, users can access the app without cellular service. Growers can search by crop, pest or disease and quickly find pesticide information, including active ingredients, trade names, usage rates and efficacy ratings. Each pest profile includes chemical and nonchemical control options, resistance management guidance and safety details such as preharvest and reentry intervals. Information is maintained by Clemson researchers in partnership with scientists from universities across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic and updated automatically. MyIPM for Row Crops is part of the broader MyIPM app series launched by Clemson professor Guido Schnabel to support adoption of integrated pest management practices.
Protecting Pollinators
South Carolina continues to confront the invasive yellow-legged hornet, a predatory insect that threatens honeybees and other pollinators vital to agriculture and ecosystems. Clemson’s Department of Plant Industry is leading a coordinated response that combines early detection, surveillance, public reporting and nest eradication. Since the species was first confirmed in the state, DPI inspectors and partner agencies have supported trapping and nest removal efforts across the Lowcountry. Proactive monitoring has led to the identification and destruction of numerous nests, including early- stage nests that could have produced new colonies. Inspectors have also captured adult hornets and queens that posed a risk of further spread. Public participation plays a critical role in these efforts. Reports from beekeepers and landowners have directly led to new detections, reinforcing the importance of community vigilance.
Growing Learning Outdoors
Across South Carolina, school gardens are helping address two persistent challenges at once: student health and classroom engagement. Through the School Gardening for South Carolina Educators program, Extension is equipping teachers with the knowledge, tools and support needed to use gardens as outdoor classrooms. The program is led by Amy Dabbs, statewide School and Community Gardening coordinator, who works with educators and partners to expand access to garden-based learning across the state. Garden-based instruction encourages physical activity, builds healthy eating habits and reinforces learning in STEM, literacy and environmental science. Many educators want to use gardens but face barriers, including limited horticulture experience, uncertainty about supplies and difficulty integrating gardening into standards-based curricula. Since 2012, the program has helped remove those barriers through professional development, curated classroom materials and coordinated delivery of seeds, transplants and supplies. School gardens are now established in all 46 counties, supported by partnerships with the South Carolina Department of Education, health organizations and Farm to School initiatives. This statewide network has helped schools launch new gardens, expand existing ones and sustain programming year after year.
Advancing Cereal Crops
Clemson is strengthening cereal crop production in South Carolina through modern plant breeding that delivers practical solutions for farmers and regional agricultural systems. At the Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Richard “Rick” Boyles leads applied breeding efforts focused on wheat, sorghum and oats, crops that are often underserved despite their importance to livestock feed, cover cropping and farm diversification. His work centers on developing varieties suited to South Carolina’s soils, climate and end-use needs, helping farmers improve resilience and productivity. Clemson-developed varieties are already making an impact. Sorghum genetics from the program have been incorporated into commercial hybrids grown across thousands of acres, while an oat line developed through the program is widely used in regional cover crop and wildlife blends. Boyles works closely with the South Carolina Crop Improvement Association and private seed partners to ensure new varieties move efficiently from research plots into farmers’ fields. Graduate student research plays a key role in guiding breeding priorities. Students in the Boyles lab are improving sorghum performance in sandy, dryland soils, strengthening disease resistance and enhancing grain traits for animal feed and poultry production. Their work helps address grain shortages in the Southeastern U.S. while supporting a growing regional livestock industry. By combining long-term breeding, applied research and strong industry partnerships, Clemson’s cereal crop program is expanding options for farmers and building a more resilient agricultural future for South Carolina.
Turning Data Into Decisions
South Carolina farmers are turning to digital tools to make more precise decisions and Clemson Extension’s Precision Agriculture Program is delivering free web-based apps that help producers manage inputs, control costs and protect natural resources. Developed through the Clemson University Center for Agricultural Technology, or CU-CAT, the tools were shaped by direct feedback from growers. Kendall Kirk, director of CU-CAT, said the apps were created to simplify complex calculations related to fertilizer application, soil management and production planning. The mobile-friendly tools automate decisions that once required spreadsheets or manual estimates, helping farmers apply nutrients accurately and reduce waste. Popular apps focus on fertilizer and soil management, including drip fertigation, fertilizer blending, lime rates and soil pH adjustment. Additional tools support specific sectors. Peanut producers use apps to estimate yields and manage equipment settings. Grain producers rely on the EMC Calculator, developed with Aaron Turner from the Department of Agricultural Sciences, to guide grain storage decisions. Livestock producers use feed ration tools to balance custom mixes while meeting nutritional needs. Based at Clemson’s Edisto Research and Education Center in Blackville, the Precision Agriculture Program continues to develop new technologies that connect research with on-farm decision-making and support more efficient, sustainable agriculture across South Carolina.
Heat Tolerant Peanuts
As temperatures rise, Clemson scientists are helping peanut farmers protect yields by identifying genetic traits that support reproduction under heat stress. A research team led by Sachin Rustgi, a molecular breeder at the Pee Dee Research and Education Center, discovered a specific genetic region linked to pollen viability during high temperatures. Heat stress can disrupt peanut flowering, leading to fewer pods and reduced yields. Identifying this genetic marker gives breeders a practical tool to develop varieties better suited for warmer conditions. The team evaluated peanut genotypes from around the world under elevated temperatures, measuring pollen viability and germination. Some varieties maintained strong performance, allowing researchers to pinpoint genes that are highly active in peanut flowers and may help protect reproductive tissues during heat exposure. Researchers also examined seed quality traits, including oleic acid, identifying markers that support both productivity and nutritional value. Peanuts are a key agricultural commodity in South Carolina and Rustgi said the findings provide breeders with tools to help farmers grow resilient, high-yielding crops as climate conditions continue to change.
Natural Solutions For Poultry Health
As demand grows for poultry raised without antibiotics, Clemson researchers are helping South Carolina farmers identify natural ways to keep flocks healthy while maintaining productivity. Research led by Vishal Manjunatha, a recent graduate in food, nutrition and packaging sciences, focuses on managing necrotic enteritis, a common gut disease that causes significant economic losses in poultry production. The disease is often treated with antibiotics, but Manjunatha’s work explores natural alternatives that support bird health while reducing antibiotic use. The research examines how gut bacteria influence chicken health and how natural feed additives can improve immunity and protect intestinal function. Manjunatha found that black cumin, kefir and bacteriophages show strong potential to reduce the effects of necrotic enteritis while supporting healthy growth. These alternatives help control harmful bacteria and encourage beneficial microbes, offering farmers practical options that align with consumer expectations. Xiuping Jiang, a Clemson professor who collaborated on the project, said the findings provide a path forward for producers seeking effective disease prevention strategies without relying on antibiotics. The research was supported by the South Carolina Department of Agriculture’s Agribusiness Center for Research and Entrepreneurship, or ACRE, which funds applied projects that strengthen agriculture across the state. Kyle Player, ACRE’s director, said the study reflects the program’s focus on delivering solutions that benefit both producers and consumers.
Bridging Care And Community
Clemson’s Health Extension for Diabetes program is strengthening health outcomes across the state by expanding access to diabetes education, care and community-based support, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Developed through a collaboration between Clemson Extension and the Department of Public Health Sciences, the program works with health systems and community partners to help individuals manage diabetes and reduce barriers to care. Windsor Sherrill, associate vice president for health research, said the program combines research expertise with Extension’s statewide outreach to reach communities that often lack health resources. Through education, care coordination and local partnerships, Health Extension for Diabetes equips participants with practical tools to improve health and self-management. Program participants report improvements in diabetes knowledge, confidence and health-related behaviors. The program has received national recognition through the Priester Culture of Health Award, which honors Extension initiatives that demonstrate leadership and measurable impact in public health. Roger Rennekamp, health extension director for the Cooperative Extension Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, said the program serves as a national model for addressing chronic disease through Extension.
Improving Flood Monitoring
Clemson is partnering with the South Carolina Office of Resilience to improve flood monitoring and water-level tracking across key watersheds, providing public agencies and emergency responders with real-time data to better understand flood risk. The effort uses BridgeBox sensors developed through Clemson’s Intelligent River program. Installed on bridges and other structures, the sensors measure water levels at frequent intervals and transmit the information to a shared data platform accessible to state and local partners. The system works in coordination with the U.S. Geological Survey to strengthen flood awareness during storms and periods of high water. Christopher Post, a professor in the Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, co-developed the project with Syed Mohammad Ovais, lead engineer for the Intelligent River program. Post said the sensors help close gaps in flood data and improve situational awareness for communities, transportation systems and emergency planning. With support from the South Carolina Office of Resilience, the project is expanding sensor coverage across the Upper Savannah River and Upper Saluda River watersheds. Bryan Rabon, data coordination manager for the Office of Resilience, said the system strengthens the state’s ability to plan for floods and reduce risk to people and infrastructure. The project reflects a broader effort to build resilience in South Carolina by using science, data and partnerships to prepare communities for extreme weather and changing environmental conditions.
Healthy Living In Action
South Carolina 4-H is helping young people build lifelong skills in nutrition, teamwork and confidence through its Healthy Living Team Cooking Challenge, a hands-on program that blends culinary training with real-world problem solving. The program guides teens through cooking summits and county-based camps where they learn food safety, knife skills, time management and teamwork. Margaret Condrasky, 4-H healthy lifestyles program specialist, said the challenge is designed to build culinary confidence while reinforcing healthy living practices. After training, teams compete in a statewide challenge that requires them to plan and prepare a complete dish using a set of required ingredients, without recipes and under strict time limits. The format encourages creativity, adaptability and collaboration while mirroring the pace and pressure of professional kitchens. Florence County and Spartanburg County teams earned top finishes at the state level and advanced to represent South Carolina at a national 4-H cooking competition. Their success reflects strong preparation by local 4-H agents and the depth of talent among youth participants across the state. Through experiences like the Healthy Living Team Cooking Challenge, South Carolina 4-H equips young people with practical skills that support healthier lifestyles and prepare them to contribute confidently in their communities.
Beating Back The Threat Of Avian Influenza
Clemson’s Livestock-Poultry Health (LPH) program plays a central role in protecting South Carolina’s poultry and dairy industries from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) through monitoring, education, biosecurity guidance and rapid response. As the state’s animal health authority and veterinary diagnostic leader, LPH works with producers, veterinarians and state and federal partners to detect and contain emerging disease threats before they disrupt animal health or the agricultural economy. South Carolina’s $1.5 billion poultry industry remains commercially free of the most severe HPAI outbreaks, due in part to strong biosecurity practices promoted by Clemson animal health officials. However, recent cases of the Eurasian strain in backyard flocks highlight ongoing risk, especially as migratory waterfowl travel the Atlantic Flyway. In those instances, affected flocks were depopulated and tested at the Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center to prevent further spread. State Veterinarian Michael Neault and Clemson’s veterinary team continue to urge flock owners to separate birds from wild species, restrict access to ponds and lakes and report sick or dead birds promptly. Through surveillance, outreach and coordinated response efforts, LPH helps safeguard the health and economic stability of South Carolina’s livestock and poultry sectors.
A Greener Future
South Carolina farmers could benefit from new Clemson research that turns agricultural waste into valuable products, reducing pollution while supporting sustainable crop production. Based at Clemson’s Coastal Research and Education Center, Brian Ward is developing a system that uses natural bacteria to convert protein-rich farm waste, such as vegetable scraps and other byproducts, into ammonia-based fertilizer and renewable fuel. The approach offers an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fertilizer production, which is energy- intensive and heavily reliant on petroleum-based inputs. Ward said the technology allows waste materials to be repurposed into affordable, environmentally friendly nutrients that support crop growth and organic farming systems. Early results suggest the process could lower costs for growers while reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional fertilizer manufacturing. The project is being advanced through laboratory research and pilot-scale development, with interest from industry partners who see potential to expand access to organic fertilizer and support more resilient agricultural systems.
Sustained Effort To Stop A Destructive Forest Pest
The Department of Plant Industry continues a long-term effort to eradicate the invasive Asian longhorned beetle, a destructive pest that threatens hardwood trees across South Carolina. Working with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other partners, DPI leads surveys, removals and quarantine enforcement to prevent the insect’s spread. Field teams conduct extensive tree inspections across regulated areas, identifying infested trees and removing high-risk hosts to eliminate breeding sites. These actions are designed to contain known infestations while protecting unaffected forests and communities. Ongoing surveillance has proven essential. Observations by trained inspectors and reports from the public have helped identify new areas of concern, triggering expanded response efforts and updated quarantine boundaries to limit movement of infested wood and debris. Education and reporting remain central to the strategy. DPI provides online tools and outreach materials to help residents, arborists and landowners recognize signs of infestation and report them promptly. Through sustained monitoring, coordinated removals and community cooperation, Clemson’s DPI is working to protect South Carolina’s forests and reduce the long-term economic and environmental impacts of this invasive species.
Managing An Emerging Pest
South Carolina okra growers are confronting a new pest threat as the invasive two-spot leafhopper spreads across eastern counties, damaging crops and challenging traditional management practices. The insect, also known as the cotton jassid, feeds on plant leaves and causes hopperburn, a condition marked by yellowing, curling and browning that can lead to reduced yields or complete crop loss. While okra is typically resilient, the severity of this outbreak has surprised growers. Zack Snipes, a Clemson Cooperative Extension Service area horticulture agent, said the pest has also been observed on eggplant and sunflower, though damage has been most pronounced in okra. Growers and Extension specialists are responding in real time. Chris Sumter, an okra grower in Sumter County, said the outbreak underscores the value of land-grant research and Extension support. As he plans future plantings, Sumter is exploring both chemical and cultural strategies, including spacing adjustments and protected production, to slow the pest’s spread. Scientists at the Pee Dee Research and Education Center launched the nation’s first chemical efficacy trial focused on the invasive two-spot leafhopper, positioning Clemson as a regional hub for response to this emerging pest across vegetables, ornamentals and cotton.