Frequently Asked Questions
Asian Longhorned Beetle
- Is there any way to save the tree without cutting it down?
Unfortunately, the only method proven to be 100% effective in eradication is to cut the trees down and chip them to regulated specifications. Due to the nature and life cycle of ALB, chemical and insecticide treatments have unfortunately not proven to be effective methods of eradication. Because the larvae feed progressively deeper inside the tree’s woody layers, chemicals will not penetrate the wood all the way to the feeding chamber to target all life stages of the insect and therefore save the tree. Further, systemic insecticides also target other native insects and animals indiscriminately and cause undesired secondary effects.
- How did the beetle get here? (Either In Charleston or the USA)
The infestations in the United States, starting in the 1990s, are thought to have been brought in through solid wood packing material, shipping materials, and dunnage made from woody material in eastern Asia. Once the insects arrived overseas, the native North American populations of host trees have no natural resistance to the insect, and therefore succumb to infestations. ALB can easily spread by human-facilitated movement such as firewood, storm debris (e.g., broken tree limbs), and common tree work/landscaping activities. Unknowingly transporting infested wood poses the greatest risk for spread in our area.
- What is being done here in Charleston?
There is a large-scale eradication effort being carried out by Clemson University’s Department of Plant Industry (DPI) and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) have cooperatively formed the South Carolina Asian Longorned Beetle Eradication Program, headquartered in Hollywood, SC. Program operations are currently ongoing in the Hollywood/Ravenel/John’s Island, SC area. Facets of the program include survey and detection of properties for presence of infested trees, eventual removal of those infested trees, and eventual re-survey to verify successful eradication. Further, there are State and Federal Quarantines established around the infestation, and Program staff monitor the regulated area and work closely with local tree work and landscape organizations to prevent movement of regulated woody material that threatens to spread the infestation.
- Which trees will the Asian longhorned beetle attack?
The list of known host genera includes: Acer (maple), Aesculus (horse chestnut), Albizia (mimosa), Betula (birch), Cercidiphyllum (katsura), Fraxinus (ash), Koelreuteria (golden rain tree), Platanus (sycamore), Populus (poplar), Salix (willow), Sorbus (mountain ash), and Ulmus (elm). It is important to note that Asian longhorned beetle does not infest pine trees or oak trees.
- What should I do if I find ALB damage on my trees or the beetle itself?
If you suspect you found either an adult beetle or an infested tree, please report it online using the reporting tool or by emailing stopalb@clemson.edu. Make sure to include clear photos of the beetle and/or tree damage using something for scale, such as a coin or ruler. If you can, capture the beetle in a jar or plastic bag and place it in the freezer to preserve the insect for identification.
- How long has Asian longhorned beetle been in South Carolina?
It is difficult to know for certain exactly how long this beetle has been infesting the trees of South Carolina, however we know it has been present in the area since at least 2012 due to dendrocronology work performed by researchers, where they use tree rings to accurately date signs of infestation in trees that have been cut down.
- Is Asian longhorned beetle the only one of its kind in South Carolina?
Though Asian longhorned beetle is the only invasive longhorned (Cerambycid) beetle known to be in the state, there are many other native longhorned beetles as well as some other naturally occurring look-a-likes. The key to identifying ALB from other insects is its long body size at 1-1.5”, the black color with distinct white patches/spots, banded black and white antennae, and the striped legs with a bluish tint.
Apiary
- Where can I find information about South Carolina's laws pertaining the sale/distribution of honey?
The South Carolina Department of Agriculture is responsible for the honey laws in South Carolina. Information for labeling, packaging and sales of honey can be found online at https://agriculture.sc.gov/divisions/consumer-protection/food-safety-compliance/
- Where can I find information about beekeeping?
A great source for South Carolina beekeepers is Clemson Extension publications found at https://www.clemson.edu/extension/beekeepers/fact-sheets-publications/index.html. Beekeepers looking for inspection processes on movement and/or disease issues can find information at https://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/plant-industry/honey-bee/index.html .
- Are there requirements for Importing honey bees into South Carolina?
Yes, importing honey bees into South Carolina is regulated. Honey bees should be inspected and certified by a regulatory official in the state of origin. The regulatory officiall will then issue an Export Certificate to the beekeeper. Lastly, the Apiary Inspection Program in South Carolina should be contact in order to receive an Import Permit. Honey Bee Entry Permit Applications can be found online: https://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/plant-industry/honey-bee/index.html.
- Are there requirements for Exporting honey bees out of South Carolina?
Yes, exporting honey bees from South Carolina are regulated. An inspection needs to be conducted to verify that the honey bees are free from contagious and infectious diseases by the Apiary Inspection Program. An Export Certificate, showing the receiving states requirements have been met, will be issued to the beekeeper. An Apiary Certificate Application for export can be found online at https://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/plant-industry/honey-bee/index.html.
Invasive Species
- Why are invasive pests a problem?
When introduced to a new environment, some organisms can explode in numbers due to a lack of natural systems keeping their population in check. New environments may also provide new hosts species that lack resistance to the introduced pest. Invasive pest infestations are often very difficult and costly to control. They alter natural ecosystems, affect trade between countries, and hinder agricultural productivity.
- Why do we conduct invasive pest surveys?
On-line exams are available. More information is available here.
- How do we decide which invasive pests to survey the state for?
Clemson DPI host an annual Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Committee meeting where multiple agencies and industry representatives discuss current or emerging plant pest issues. The group advises DPI which pests to target with surveys. Additionally, USDA APHIS PPQ maintains a Pests of National Concern list. Pests on this list have been determined to pose serious threat to the environment, crops, and or trade. Surveys funded by APHIS grant dollars, require the inclusion of listed Pests of National Concern.
- How do we decide to make additions to the state plant pest list?
Input and suggestions from South Carolinians are taken under consideration. Specifically, a legislatively appointed Invasive Species Advisory Committee containing members from Acidemia, State agencies, and Industry consider new additions and submit any recommendations to Clemson University’s Director of Regulatory Services.
- What happens if a regulated pests is detected?
Response to pest detections vary. Depending on the pest and other relevant factors, tools such as monitoring, quarantines, treatments, or host plant destruction are available. Almost always, additional surveys to delimit the extent of a pest infestation is in order.
Nursery Grower and Dealer Program
- When do I need to obtain a certificate from the Department of Plant Industry’s Nursery Program?
A person should obtain a nursery certificate when engaged in the production and/or collection of nursery stock for sale and/or distribution. Additionally, shipping certificates should be obtained for the movement of nursery stock.
- How do I obtain either a Nursery Grower or Dealer Certificate to sell nursery stock and/or shipping certificates to move plant material?
Completion of an Application, Registration and Certification are required in order to obtain a Nursery Grower or Nursery Dealer Certificate. Applications can be acquired by either contacting the Nursery Program Manager or the District Specialist for your county. This contact information can be found at https://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/plant-industry/nursery/nursery-inspectors.html . The Nursery Program Manager and our District Specialists will be able to guide applicants through the entire process. The Nursery Program Manager and District Specialists are able to assist with the acquisition of certificate to ship nursery stock. These individuals should be contacted to determine which shipping certificates are required.
- What is the difference between a Nursery Grower and Nursery Dealer Certificate?
A Nursery Dealer certificate is for those that do not grow/propagate any nursery stock. Nursery stock is simply purchased and resold in the exact condition it was received. A Nursery Grower certificate is for those that do grow/propagate nursery stock
- Should I apply for both certificates?
No, one facility should not have both a Nursery Grower and Nursery Dealer Certificate. In some situations, you may apply for certificate for more than one facility type.
- Are other certifications required, such as a business license?
As a business or sole proprietor, you may be required to obtain other licenses to operate your nursery. More information about proper documentation can be acquired through the South Carolina Secretary of State’s office or through your local county or municipal government.
- I am planning on opening a nursery in the next few months, can I go ahead and get a Nursery Grower Certificate now?
One of the components required to obtain a Nursery Grower Certificate is Certification, which is a physical inspection of a Nursery Grower’s general environs and nursery stock. Nursery stock being grown and sold in South Carolina must be certified as being relatively pest and disease free. This certification can only be completed through a physical inspection of the actual nursery stock being grown for resale.
- What are Nursery Inspectors looking for during the inspection? or How do I prepare for the inspection?
The purpose of a nursery inspection is to certify the nursery stock being sold at a Nursery Grower or a Nursery Dealer in South Carolina as being relatively pest and disease free.
- How do I research more about nursery stock certification requirements in my state and others?
Please thoroughly review our Departments page: https://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/plant-industry/index.html. There you will find information about Certification, Contacts, Quarantines, Regulations, State Laws, and New Pest Alerts. A good starting point to research requirements for plant certification in other states is the National Plant Board web site https://nationalplantboard.org/. You may also wish to review the webpage of the certifying agency in the state in question.